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Biology Jamb Past Questions
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Biology Jamb Topics 2026
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1.
VARIETY OF ORGANISMS
Study questions
Living organisms
Characteristics of Living organisms
Cell structure and functions of cell Components
Level of organization
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Systems
Organisms
Evolution among the following
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Thallophyta
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Spermatophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Animalia
Invertebrates
Coelenterate
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Multicellular animals
Pisces
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
Variety of Organisms
Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of organisms
Adaptive colouration and its functions
Behavioural adaptations in social animals
Structural adaptations in organisms
2.
FORM AND FUNCTIONS
Study questions
Internal structure of a flowering plant
Root
Stem
Leaf
Internal structure of a mammal
Nutrition
Modes of nutrition
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Types of Nutrition
Plant nutrition
Photosynthesis
Mineral requirements
Animal nutrition
Classes of food substances
Food tests
The mammalian tooth
Mammalian alimentary canal
Nutrition process
Transport
Need for transportation
Materials for transportation
Channels for transportation
Mammalian circulatory system
Plant vascular system
Media and processes of mechanism for transportation
Respiration
Respiratory organs and surfaces
The mechanism of gaseous exchange in plants
The mechanism of gaseous exchange in mammals
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Excretion
Types of excretory structures
Contractile vacuole
Flame cell
Nephridium
Malpighian tubule
Kidney
Stoma and lenticel
Excretory mechanisms
Kidneys
Lungs
Skin
Excretory products of plants
Support and movement
Tropic, tactic, nastic, and sleep movements in plants
Supporting tissues in animals
Types and functions of the skeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Functions of the skeleton in animals
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Fission as in Paramecium
Budding as in yeast
Natural vegetative propagation
Artificial vegetative propagation
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Floral parts and their functions
Pollination and fertilization
Products of sexual reproduction
Reproduction in mammals
Structures and functions of the male reproductive organs
Structures and functions of the female reproductive organs
Fertilization and development
Growth
Meaning of growth
Germination of seeds and condition necessary for germination of seeds
Co-ordination and control
Nervous co-ordination
The components, structure, and functions of the central nervous system
The components and functions of the peripheral nervous systems
Mechanism of transmission of impulses
Reflex action
The sense organs
skin (tactile)
Nose (olfactory)
Tongue (taste)
Eye (sight)
Ear (auditory)
Hormonal control
Animal hormonal system
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Gonads
Plant hormones (phytohormones)
Homeostasis
Body temperature regulation
Salt and water regulation
3.
ECOLOGY
Study questions
Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms
Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals
Energy flow in the ecosystem
Food chains
Food webs
Trophic levels
Nutrient cycling in nature
Carbon cycle
Water cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Natural Habitats
Aquatic
Terrestrial/arboreal
Local (Nigerian) Biomes
Tropical rainforest
Guinea savanna
Sudan Savanna
Desert
Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambilla Plateau
The Ecology of Populations
Population density and overcrowding
Adaptation for survival
Factors that bring about competition
Intra and inter-specific competition
Relationship between competition and succession
Factors affecting population sizes
Biotic
Abiotic
Ecological succession
Primary succession
Secondary succession
SOIL
Characteristics of different types of soil
Soil structure
Porosity, capillarity and humus content
Components of the soil
Inorganic
Organic
Soil organisms
Soil air
Soil water
Soil fertility
Loss of soil fertility
Renewal and maintenance of soil fertility
Humans and Environment
Diseases
Common and endemic diseases
Easily transmissible diseases and disease syndrome
Poliomyelitis
Cholera
Tuberculosis
Sexually transmitted disease/syndrome
Pollution and its control
Pollution: sources, types, effects and methods of control
Pollution: Sanitation and sewage
Conservation of Natural Resources
Game reserves and National parks
4.
HEREDITY AND VARIATIONS
Study questions
Variation In Population
Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals
Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals (size)
Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals (Colour)
Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals (Fingerprints)
Physiological variation
Ability to roll tongue
Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide
Blood groups
Application of discontinuous variation in crime detection
Application of discontinuous variation in blood transfusion
Application of discontinuous variation in determination of paternity
Heredity
Inheritance of characters in organisms
Heritable and non-heritable characters
Chromosomes - the basis of heredity
Chromosomes - the basis of heredity(Structure)
Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring
Probability in genetics and sex determination
Application of the principles of heredity in agriculture
Application of the principles of heredity in medicine
Sex-linked characters
5.
EVOLUTION
Study questions
Theories of evolution
Lamarck's theory
Darwin's theory
Organic theory
Evidence of evolution
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