Commerce Jamb Topics 2026

1. Commerce

• Meaning and scope of commerce

• Characteristics of commerce

• Functions of commerce

2. Occupation

• Meaning and importance of occupation

• Types of occupation

• Industrial occupation

• Commercial occupation

• Services occupation

• Factors that determine choice of occupation

3. Production

• Factors, characteristics, and rewards of production

• Labour

• Capital

• Entrepreneur

• Division of Labour and specialization

• Types of production

• Primary production

• Secondary production

• Tertiary production

4. Trade

• Home Trade

• Retail trade

• Types of retailers

• Functions of retailers

• Factors to be considered in setting up retail trade

• Advantages and disadvantages of retailers

• Wholesale trade

• Types of wholesalers

• Functions of wholesalers

• Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers

• Foreign trade

• Basic issues in foreign trade - balance of trade

• Basic issues in foreign trade - balance of payments

• Basic issues in foreign trade - counter trade

• Procedures and documents used in export, import, and entreport trade

• Barriers to international trade

• Role of Customs and Excise Authority, Ports Authority in foreign trade

5. Purchase and Sale of Goods

• Procedure and documentation

• Enquiry

• Quotation

• Order

• Invoice

• Proforma invoice

• Statement of accounts

• Indent

• Consular invoice

• Bill of lading

• Certificate of origin

• Consignment note

• Terms of trade

• Trade discount

• Quantity discount

• Cash discount

• Warranties

• C.O.D

• C.I.F

• F.O.B

• E.O.E

• Terms of payments

• Cash - Legal tender

• Credit

• Types and functions of credit

• Merits and demerits of credit

6. Aids-to-trade

• Advertising

• Types and media of Advertising

• Advantages and disadvantages of Advertising

• Banking

• Types of bank

• Services of bank

• Challenges of bank

• Communication

• Process and procedure of communication

• Types of communication

• Trends of communication

• Merits and demerits of communication

• Barriers of communication

• Insurance

• Types of insurance

• Principles of insurance

• Terms of insurance

• Importance of insurance

• Tourism

• Importance of tourism

• Agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria of tourism

• Challenges of tourism

• Transportation

• Mode of transportation

• Importance of transportation

• Advantages and disadvantages of transportation

• Warehousing

• Importance of warehousing

• Types and functions of warehousing

• Factors to be considered in siting a warehouse

7. Business Units

• Forms and features

• Registration of businesses

• Business Mergers

• Determination of choice of business units

• Dissolution and liquidation of business units

• Merits and demerits of business units

8. Financing Business

• Sources of finance

• Types of capital

• Calculation of forms of capital

• Problems of sourcing finance

• The role of Bureau de change in an economy

• Calculation of profits (gross and net)

• Calculation of turnover

9. Trade Associations

• Objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer's associations

• Cocoa Farmers' Association

• Garri Sellers' Association

• Poultry Farmers' Association

• Objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce

10. Money

• Evolution of money

• Forms and qualities of money

• Functions of money

11. Elements of Business Management

• Functions

• Planning

• Organizing

• Staffing

• Coordinating

• Motivating

• Communicating

• Controlling

• Principles

• Span of control

• Unity of command

• Delegation of authority

• Organizational structure

• Line

• Line and staff

• Functional

• Matrix and committee

• Functional areas of business

• Production

• Marketing

• Finance

• Personnel

• Business resources

• Man

• Money

• Materials

• Machines

• Opportunities/goodwill

12. Stock Exchange

• Importance and functions of stock exchange

• Types of securities

• Stocks

• Shares

• Bonds

• Debentures

• Procedure of transactions and speculations

• Second-Tier Securities Market

• Listing requirements

• Types of companies for the market

• Advantages and operating regulations of the market

13. Elements of Marketing

• Importance and Functions of marketing

• The marketing concept

• Consumer orientation

• Customer satisfaction

• Integrated marketing

• Marketing mix

• Product

• Price

• Place

• Promotion

• Market Segmentation

• Public relations and Customer Service

14. Legal Aspects of Business

• Meaning and validity of a simple contract

• Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act

• Contract of employment

• Government regulations of business

• Registration of business

• Patents

• Trademarks

• Copyrights

• Consumer protection

• Government legislation

• Standards Organization Trade Descriptions Act

• Consumer Protection Council

• NAFDAC

• NDLEA

• Customs and Excise

• Regulatory agencies

15. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• Computer

• Appreciation and application of computer

• Types and functions

• Types and functions of computer

• Merits and demerits of computer

• Challenges of computer

• Terms

• Internet

• Intranet

• Browsing

• Password

• e-mail

• Google

• Yahoo

• Search

• Local Area Network

• Activities

• E-commerce

• E-banking

• E-business

16. Business Environment and Social Responsibility

• Legal, political, economic, social, cultural, technological environments

• Safe products, philanthropic and societal consideration

• Types and implication of pollution

• Water

• Air

• Land