(a) In a tabular form, name one fungal disease, one viral disease and one pest of any four of the following crops: (i) citrus; (ii) banana; (iii) tomato; (iv) yam; (v) groundnut. (b) State six general control measures of diseases of crops.
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Correct Answer: Option n
Explanation:
(b) The general measures that can be adopted to control diseases of crops are:- (i) Crop rotation (ii) Soil treatment or sterilization (iii) Burning of infected crops or crop residue, (iv) Roguing or uprooting of infected crops, (v) Timely and regular spraying of crops with pesticides against vectors of diseases (vi) Maintenance of farm hygiene, (vii) Use of resistant varieties, (viii) Timely planting and harvesting of crops.
| CROP | FUNGAL DISEASE | VIRAL DISEASE | PEST |
| Citrus | gummosis, Citrus scale | tristeza, citrus leaf curl | scale insects, caterpillar, mealy bug, termites, fruitflies |
| Banana | panama, sigatoka or cercosposa, leafspot | bunchytop | bats, monkeys, eel worm, banana borer |
| Tomato | root rot or fusarium, wilt, leaf spot | mosaic virus | budworms, grasshoppers, moths, white flies, red bugs, tomato mirid |
| Yam | leaf spot, dry rot | mosaic virus | yam bettle, yam eelworm, rodents, locust, scale insects |
| Groundnut | tikka, wilt, seed rot | rosette | bruchid or beetle, cricket, aphid, rodent, weevil. |
(b) The general measures that can be adopted to control diseases of crops are:- (i) Crop rotation (ii) Soil treatment or sterilization (iii) Burning of infected crops or crop residue, (iv) Roguing or uprooting of infected crops, (v) Timely and regular spraying of crops with pesticides against vectors of diseases (vi) Maintenance of farm hygiene, (vii) Use of resistant varieties, (viii) Timely planting and harvesting of crops.