(a) Define the following terms:
(i) gene
(ii) gene mutation.
(b) Name two structures each of plants and animals where the following processes take place:
(i) mitosis
(ii) meiosis.
(c) State four advantages a farmer may hope to derive in cross breeding two different breeds of cows.
(d) State three applications of the knowledge of genetics in medicine.
(i) gene
(ii) gene mutation.
(b) Name two structures each of plants and animals where the following processes take place:
(i) mitosis
(ii) meiosis.
(c) State four advantages a farmer may hope to derive in cross breeding two different breeds of cows.
(d) State three applications of the knowledge of genetics in medicine.
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Correct Answer: Option n
Explanation:
(a)(i) Genes; are hereditary units/materials located on the chromosomes through which characters are transmitted from parents to offspring.
(ii) Gene mutation; is a spontaneous/sudden/unpredictable change in an individual gene which is persistent/ permanent/irreversible/heritable.
(b) The structures in plants and animals where mitosis and meiosis take place are listed below:
(i) Mitosis in plants: Root tip/stem apex; stem tip/ apex; cambium; meristems.
Mitosis in animals: Skin; damaged tissue; bone marrow; somatic cells/ wounded area of the body (e.g. skin).
(ii) Meiosis in plants: Ovaries; anthers.
Meiosis in animals: Ovaries; testes.
(c) Advantages of cross breeding two different breeds of cows are:
(i) Increased milk production.
(ii) Increased meat production/improved weight.
(iii) Resistance to diseases in the offspring.
(iv) Early maturity.
(v) Increased fecundity/reproductive capacity.
(d) Applications of genetics to medicine:
(i) Prevention of hereditary diseases.
(ii) Determination of the paternity of a child by use of DNN blood group.
(iii) Blood transfusion.
(iv) Production of insulin (to treat diabetes).
(a)(i) Genes; are hereditary units/materials located on the chromosomes through which characters are transmitted from parents to offspring.
(ii) Gene mutation; is a spontaneous/sudden/unpredictable change in an individual gene which is persistent/ permanent/irreversible/heritable.
(b) The structures in plants and animals where mitosis and meiosis take place are listed below:
(i) Mitosis in plants: Root tip/stem apex; stem tip/ apex; cambium; meristems.
Mitosis in animals: Skin; damaged tissue; bone marrow; somatic cells/ wounded area of the body (e.g. skin).
(ii) Meiosis in plants: Ovaries; anthers.
Meiosis in animals: Ovaries; testes.
(c) Advantages of cross breeding two different breeds of cows are:
(i) Increased milk production.
(ii) Increased meat production/improved weight.
(iii) Resistance to diseases in the offspring.
(iv) Early maturity.
(v) Increased fecundity/reproductive capacity.
(d) Applications of genetics to medicine:
(i) Prevention of hereditary diseases.
(ii) Determination of the paternity of a child by use of DNN blood group.
(iii) Blood transfusion.
(iv) Production of insulin (to treat diabetes).