(a) State one function of each of the following structures:
(i) Arteries
(ii) Capillaries
(iii) Veins
(iv) Xylem
(v) Phloem
(b) Describe the changes that take place in the composition of human blood as it passes through the:
(i) Lungs
(ii) Liver
(iii) Kidneys
(iv) Small intestine
(c) List the cellular components of blood.
(i) Arteries
(ii) Capillaries
(iii) Veins
(iv) Xylem
(v) Phloem
(b) Describe the changes that take place in the composition of human blood as it passes through the:
(i) Lungs
(ii) Liver
(iii) Kidneys
(iv) Small intestine
(c) List the cellular components of blood.
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Correct Answer: Option n
Explanation:
(a)(i) Arteries:
carry blood away from the heart.
transport oxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary artery.
(ii) Capillaries: -
permit exchange of materials between blood and tissues. .
links the arteries and veins.
(iii) Veins: -
carry blood to the heart.
transport deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein.
(iv) Xylem: -
transports water/dissolved mineral salts
serves as a supporting tissue/strengthening tissue.
(v) Phloem: -
transports manufactured food/auxins/plants hormones
performs strengthening supporting function.
(b) Changes in blood composition:(i) Lungs: -
oxygen is added to the blood.
carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
water is removed from the blood.
(ii) Liver: -
urea is added to the blood.
hormonal level is reduced.
glucose level reduced.
worn out erythrocytes are removed from the blood.
(iii) Kidneys: Water, urea, some glucose; mineral salts are reduced in the blood.
(iv) Small Intestine: - simple sugars/glucose, amino acids; water; salts and vitamins are added to the blood.
(c) Cellular Components of blood: Red blood cells/erythrocytes; white blood cells/leacocytes; and platelets/ thrombocytes.
(a)(i) Arteries:
carry blood away from the heart.
transport oxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary artery.
(ii) Capillaries: -
permit exchange of materials between blood and tissues. .
links the arteries and veins.
(iii) Veins: -
carry blood to the heart.
transport deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein.
(iv) Xylem: -
transports water/dissolved mineral salts
serves as a supporting tissue/strengthening tissue.
(v) Phloem: -
transports manufactured food/auxins/plants hormones
performs strengthening supporting function.
(b) Changes in blood composition:(i) Lungs: -
oxygen is added to the blood.
carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
water is removed from the blood.
(ii) Liver: -
urea is added to the blood.
hormonal level is reduced.
glucose level reduced.
worn out erythrocytes are removed from the blood.
(iii) Kidneys: Water, urea, some glucose; mineral salts are reduced in the blood.
(iv) Small Intestine: - simple sugars/glucose, amino acids; water; salts and vitamins are added to the blood.
(c) Cellular Components of blood: Red blood cells/erythrocytes; white blood cells/leacocytes; and platelets/ thrombocytes.