Exam year: Exam year
Question type: Question type Objective Theory
Topics: Topics [1] Measurements and Units [1].1 Length, area and volume [1].1.1 Metre rule [1].1.2 Measuring cylinder [1].1.3 Screw guage [1].1.4 Micrometer [1].1.5 Vernier calipers [1].2 Mass [1].2.1 Unit of mass [1].2.2 Use of Simple beam balance [1].2.3 Concept of beam balance [1].3 Time [1].3.1 Unit of time [1].3.2 Time-measuring devices [1].4 Fundamental physical quantities [1].5 Derived physical quantities and their units [1].6 Dimensions [1].6.1 Definition of dimensions [1].7 Limitations of experimental measurements [1].7.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments [1].7.2 Simple estimation of errors [1].7.3 Significant figures [1].7.4 Standard form [1].8 Measurement, position, distance and displacement [1].8.1 Concept of displacement [1].8.2 Distinction between distance and displacement [1].8.3 Concept of position and coordinates [1].8.4 Frame of reference [2] Scalars and Vectors [2].1 Definition of Scalar and vector quantities [2].2 Examples of scalar and vector quantities [2].3 Relative velocity [2].4 Resolution of vectors into two perpendicular directions [3] Motion [3].1 Types of motion [3].1.1 Translational motion [3].1.2 Oscillatory motion [3].1.3 Rotational motion [3].1.4 Spin motion [3].1.5 Random motion [3].2 Relative motion [3].3 Causes of motion [3].4 Types of force [3].4.1 Contact [3].4.2 Force field [3].5 Linear motion [3].5.1 Speed [3].5.2 Velocity [3].5.3 Acceleration [3].5.4 Equations of uniformly accelerated motion [3].5.5 Motion under gravity [3].5.6 Distance-time graph and Velocity time graph [3].5.7 Instantaneous velocity and Acceleration. [3].6 Projectiles [3].6.1 Calculation of range [3].6.2 Calculation of maximum height [3].6.3 Calculation of time of flight from the ground and a height [3].6.4 Applications of projectile motion [3].7 Newton's laws of motion [3].7.1 Inertia [3].7.2 Mass and force [3].7.3 Relationship between mass and acceleration [3].7.4 Impulse and momentum [3].7.5 Force - time graph [3].7.6 Conservation of linear momentum [3].8 Motion in a circle [3].8.1 Angular velocity and angular acceleration [3].8.2 Centripetal and centrifugal forces [3].8.3 Applications [3].9 Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M) [3].9.1 Definition and explanation of Simple harmonic motion [3].9.2 Examples of systems that execute S.H.M [3].9.3 Period of S.H.M [3].9.4 Frequency of S.H.M [3].9.5 Amplitude of S.H.M [3].9.6 Velocity and acceleration of S.H.M [3].9.7 Simple treatment of energy change in S.H.M [3].9.8 Simple treatment of force vibration and resonance [4] Gravitational field [4].1 Newton’s law of universal gravitation [4].2 Gravitational potential [4].3 Conservative and non-conservative fields [4].4 Acceleration due to gravity [4].5 Variation of g on the earth’s surface [4].6 Distinction between mass and weight; escape velocity [4].7 Parking orbit and weightlessness [5] Equilibrium of Forces [5].1 Equilibrium of particles [5].1.1 Equilibrium of coplanar forces [5].1.2 Triangles and polygon of forces [5].1.3 Lami's theorem [5].2 Principles of moments [5].2.1 Moment of a force [5].2.2 Simple treatment and moment of a couple (torque) [5].2.3 Applications [5].3 Conditions for equilibrium of rigid bodies under the action of parallel and non-parallel forces [5].3.1 Resolution and composition of forces in two perpendicular directions [5].3.2 Resultant and equilibrant [5].4 Centre of gravity and stability [5].4.1 Stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium [6] (a) Work, Energy and Power [6].1 Work, Energy and Power [6].1.1 Definition of work, energy and power [6].1.2 Forms of energy [6].1.3 Conservation of energy [6].1.4 Qualitative treatment between different forms of energy [6].1.5 Interpretation of area under the force-distance curve [6].2 Energy and society [6].2.1 Sources of energy [6].2.2 Renewable and non-renewable energy [6].2.3 Uses of energy [6].2.4 Energy and development [6].2.5 Energy diversification [6].2.6 Environmental impact of energy [6].2.7 Energy crises [6].2.8 Conversion of energy [6].2.9 Devices used in energy production [6].3 Dams and energy production [6].3.1 Location of dams [6].3.2 Energy production [6].4 Nuclear energy [6].5 Solar energy [6].5.1 Solar collector [6].5.2 Solar panel for energy supply [7] Friction [7].1 Static and dynamic friction [7].2 Coefficient of limiting friction and its determination [7].3 Advantages and disadvantages of friction [7].4 Reduction of friction [7].5 Qualitative treatment of viscosity and terminal velocity [7].6 Stoke's law [8] Simple Machines [8].1 Definition of simple machines [8].2 Types of machines [8].3 Mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of machines [9] Elasticity [9].1 Elastic limit [9].2 Yield point [9].3 Breaking point [9].4 Hooke's law [9].5 Young's modulus [9].6 The spring balance [9].7 Work done per unit volume [10] Pressure [10].1 Atmospheric Pressure [10].1.1 Definition of atmospheric pressure [10].1.2 Units of pressure (S.I) units (Pa) [10].1.3 Measurement of pressure [10].1.4 Simple mercury barometer [10].1.4.1 Aneroid barometer [10].1.4.2 Manometer [10].1.5 Variation of pressure with height [10].1.6 The use of barometer as an altimeter [10].2 Pressure in liquids [10].2.1 The relationship between pressure, depth and density [10].2.2 Transmission of pressure in liquids [10].2.3 Application [11] Liquids At Rest [11].1 Determination of density of solids and liquids [11].2 Definition of relative density [11].3 Upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid [11].4 Archimedes' principle and law of floatation and applications [11].4.1 Ships and hydrometers [12] Temperature and Its Measurement [12].1 Concept of temperature [12].2 Thermometric properties [12].3 Calibration of thermometers [12].4 Temperature scales [12].4.1 Celsius and Kelvin [12].5 Types of thermometers [12].6 Conversion from one scale of temperature to another [13] Thermal Expansion [13].1 Solids [13].1.1 Definition and determination of linear [13].1.2 Definition and determination of volume [13].1.3 Definition and determination of area expansivities [13].1.4 Effects and applications [13].1.5 Relationship between different expansivities [13].2 Liquids [13].2.1 Volume expansivity [13].2.2 Real and apparent expansivities [13].2.3 Determination of volume expansivity [13].2.4 Anomalous expansion of water [14] Gas Laws [14].1 Boyle's law (isothermal process) [14].2 Charles' law (isobaric process) [14].3 Pressure law (volumetric process) [14].4 Absolute zero of temperature [14].5 General gas equation [14].6 Ideal gas equation [14].7 Van der waal gas [15] Quantity of Heat [15].1 Heat as a form of energy [15].2 Definition of heat capacity of solids and liquids [15].3 Definition of specific heat capacity of solids and liquids [15].4 Determination of heat capacity of substances [15].5 Determination of specific heat capacity substances [16] Change of State [16].1 Latent heat [16].2 Specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization [16].3 Melting, evaporation and boiling [16].4 The influence of pressure and of dissolved substances on boiling and melting points [16].5 Application in appliances [17] Vapours [17].1 Unsaturated and saturated vapours [17].2 Relationship between saturated vapour pressure (S.V.P) and boiling [17].3 Determination of S.V.P by barometer tube method [17].4 Formation of dew, mist, fog, and rain [17].5 Study of dew point [17].6 Study of humidity [17].7 Hygrometry - estimation of the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers. [17].8 Study of relative humidity [18] Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory [18].1 Molecular nature of matter [18].1.1 Atoms and molecules [18].1.2 Molecular theory [18].1.2.1 examples and applications [18].1.2.2 Brownian motion [18].1.2.3 Diffusion [18].1.2.4 Surface tension [18].1.2.5 Capillarity [18].1.2.6 Adhesion [18].1.2.7 Cohesion [18].1.2.8 Angles of contact law of definite proportion [18].2 Kinetic Theory [18].2.1 Assumptions of the kinetic theory [18].2.2 using the theory to explain: [18].2.2.1 Pressure exerted by gas [18].2.2.2 Boyle's law [18].2.2.3 Charles' law [18].2.2.4 Melting [18].2.2.5 Boiling [18].2.2.6 Vapourization [18].2.2.7 Change in temperature [18].2.2.8 Evaporation [19] Heat Transfer [19].1 conduction as mode of heat transfer [19].2 Convection as mode of heat transfer [19].3 Radiation as mode of heat transfer [19].4 Temperature gradient [19].5 Thermal conductivity [19].6 Heat flux [19].7 Effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it [19].8 The conductivities of common materials [19].9 The thermos flask [19].10 Land and sea breeze [19].11 Combustion engines [20] Waves [20].1 Production and Propagation [20].1.1 Wave motion [20].1.2 Vibrating systems as source of waves [20].1.3 Waves as mode of energy transfer [20].1.4 Distinction between particle motion and wave motion [20].1.5 Relationship between frequency, wavelength and wave velocity [20].1.6 Phase difference, wave number and wave vector [20].1.7 Progressive wave equation [20].2 Classification [20].2.1 Types of waves [20].2.1.1 Mechanical and electromagnetic waves [20].2.2 Longitudinal and transverse waves [20].2.3 Stationary and progressive waves [20].2.4 Waves from springs [20].2.5 Waves from ropes [20].2.6 Waves from stretched strings [20].2.7 Waves from the ripple tank [20].3 Characteristics/Properties [20].3.1 Reflection [20].3.2 Refraction [20].3.3 Diffraction [20].3.4 Plane Polarization [20].3.5 Superposition of waves [20].3.6 Beats [20].3.7 Doppler effects [21] Propagation of Sound Waves [21].1 The necessity for a material medium [21].2 Speed of sound in solids, liquids and air [21].3 Reflection of sound; echoes, reverberation and their applications [21].4 Advantages and Disadvantages of echoes and reverberations [22] Characteristics of Sound Waves [22].1 Noise and musical notes [22].2 Quality, pitch, intensity and loudness and their application to musical instruments [22].3 Simple treatment of overtones produced by vibrating strings and their columns [22].4 Acoustic examples of resonance [22].5 Frequency of a note emitted by air columns in closed and open pipes in relation to their lengths [23] Light Energy [23].1 Sources of Light [23].1.1 Natural and artificial sources of light [23].1.2 Luminous and non-luminous objects [23].2 Propagation of light [23].2.1 Speed, frequency and wavelength of light [23].2.2 Formation of shadows and eclipse [23].2.3 The pin-hole camera [24] Reflection of Light at Plane and Curved Surfaces [24].1 Laws of reflection [24].2 Application of reflection of light [24].3 Formation of images by plane, concave and convex mirrors and ray diagrams [24].4 Use of the mirror formula [24].5 Linear and angular magnification [25] Refraction of Light Through at Plane and Curved Surfaces [25].1 Refraction of Light Through at Plane and Curved Surfaces [25].1.1 Explanation of refraction in terms of velocity of light in the media [25].1.2 Laws of refraction [25].1.3 Definition of refractive index of a medium [25].1.4 Determination of refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell's law [25].1.5 Real and apparent depth and lateral displacement [25].1.6 Critical angle and total internal reflection [25].2 Glass Prism [25].2.1 Use of the minimum deviation formula [25].2.2 Type of lenses - triangular, rectangular [25].2.3 Use of lens formula [25].2.4 Magnification [26] Optical Instruments [26].1 General principles of microscopes, telescopes, projectors, cameras and the human eye [26].2 Power of a lens [26].3 Angular magnification [26].4 Near and far points [26].5 Sight defects and their corrections [27] (a) Dispersion of light and colours [27].1 Dispersion of light and colours [27].1.1 Dispersion of white light by a triangular prism [27].1.2 Production of pure spectrum [27].1.3 Colour mixing by addition and subtraction [27].1.4 Colour of objects and colour filters [27].1.5 Rainbow and formation [27].2 Electromagnetic spectrum [27].2.1 Description of sources and uses of various types of radiation [28] Electrostatics [28].1 Existence of positive and negative charges in matter [28].2 Charging a body by friction, contact and induction [28].3 Electroscope [28].4 Coulomb's inverse square law, electric field and potential [28].5 Electric field intensity and potential difference [28].6 Electric discharge and lightning [29] Capacitors [29].1 Types and functions of capacitors [29].2 Parallel plate capacitors [29].3 Capacitance of a capacitor [29].4 The relationship between capacitance, area separation of plates and medium between the plates [29].5 Capacitors in series and parallel [29].6 Energy stored in a capacitor [30] Electric Cells [30].1 Simple voltaic cell and its defects [30].2 Daniel cell, Leclanche cell (wet and dry) [30].3 lead-acid accumulator and Nickel-Iron (Nife) Lithium iron and Mercury cadmium [30].4 Maintenance of cells and batteries [30].5 Arrangement of cells [30].6 Efficiency of a cell [31] Current Electricity [31].1 Electromagnetic force (emf), potential difference (p.d.), current, internal resistance of a cell and lost Volt [31].2 Ohm's law, resistivity and conductivity [31].3 Measurement of resistance [31].4 Meter bridge [31].5 Resistance in series and in parallel and their combination [31].6 The potentiometer method of measuring emf, current and internal resistance of a cell [31].7 Electrical networks [32] Electrical Energy and Power [32].1 Concepts of electrical energy and power [32].2 Commercial unit of electric energy and power [32].3 Electric power transmission [32].4 Heating effects of electric current [32].5 Electrical wiring of houses [32].6 Use of fuses [33] Magnets and Magnetic Fields [33].1 Natural and artificial magnets [33].2 Magnetic properties of soft iron and steel [33].3 Methods of making magnets and demagnetization [33].4 Concept of magnetic field [33].5 Magnetic field of a permanent magnet [33].6 Magnetic field round a straight current carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid [33].7 Properties of the earth's magnetic field; north and south poles, magnetic meridian and angle of dip and declination [33].8 flux and flux density [33].9 Variation of magnetic field intensity over the earth's surface [33].10 Applications: earth's magnetic field in navigation and mineral exploration. [34] Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field [34].1 Quantitative treatment of force between two parallel current-carrying conductors [34].2 Force on a charge moving in a magnetic field [34].3 The d. c. motor [34].4 Electromagnets [34].5 Carbon microphone [34].6 Moving coil and moving iron instruments [34].7 Conversion of galvanometers to ammeters and voltmeter using shunts and multipliers [34].8 Sensitivity of a galvanometer [35] (a) Electromagnetic Induction [35].1 Electromagnetic Induction [35].1.1 Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction [35].1.2 Factors affecting induced emf [35].1.3 Lenz's law as an illustration of the principle of conservation of energy [35].1.4 A.C. and D.C generators [35].1.5 Transformers [35].1.6 The induction coil [35].2 Inductance [35].2.1 Explanation of inductance [35].2.2 Unit of inductance [35].2.3 Energy stored in an inductor [35].2.4 Application/uses of inductors [35].3 Eddy Current [35].3.1 Reduction of eddy current [35].3.2 Applications of eddy current [36] Simple A. C. Circuits [36].1 Explanation of a.c. current and voltage [36].2 Peak and r.m.s. values [36].3 A.c. source connected to a resistor [36].4 A.C source connected to a capacitor - capacitive reactance [36].5 A.C source connected to an inductor inductive reactance [36].6 Series R-L-C circuits [36].7 Vector diagram, phase angle and power factor [36].8 Resistance and impedance [36].9 Effective voltage in an R-L-C circuits [36].10 Resonance and resonance frequency [37] Conduction of Electricity Through; [37].1 Liquids [37].1.1 Electrolytes and non-electrolyte [37].1.2 Concept of electrolysis [37].1.3 Faraday's laws of electrolysis [37].1.4 Application of electrolysis [37].2 Gases [37].2.1 Discharge through gases [37].2.2 Application of conduction of electricity through gases [38] Elementary Modern Physics [38].1 Models of the atom and their limitations [38].2 Elementary structure of the atom [38].3 Energy levels and spectra [38].4 Thermionic and photoelectric emissions [38].5 Einstein's equation and stopping potential [38].6 Applications of thermionic emissions and photoelectric effects [38].7 Simple method of production of x-rays [38].8 Properties and applications of alpha, beta and gamma rays [38].9 Half-life and decay constant [38].10 Simple ideas of production of energy by fusion and fission [38].11 Binding energy, mass defect and Einstein's Energy equation [38].12 Wave-particle paradox (duality of matter) [38].13 Electron diffraction [38].14 The uncertainty principle [39] Introductory Electronics [39].1 Distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators [39].2 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors [39].2.1 N-type and p-type semiconductors [39].3 Uses of semiconductors and diodes in rectification and transistors in amplification [39].4 Elementary knowledge of diodes and transistors