Exam year: Exam year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Question type: Question type Objective Theory
Topics: Topics [1] Measurements and Units [1].1 Length, area and volume [1].1.1 Metre rule [1].1.2 Measuring cylinder [1].1.3 Screw guage [1].1.4 Micrometer [1].1.5 Vernier calipers [1].2 Mass [1].2.1 Unit of mass [1].2.2 Use of Simple beam balance [1].2.3 Concept of beam balance [1].3 Time [1].3.1 Unit of time [1].3.2 Time-measuring devices [1].4 Fundamental physical quantities [1].5 Derived physical quantities and their units [1].6 Dimensions [1].6.1 Definition of dimensions [1].7 Limitations of experimental measurements [1].7.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments [1].7.2 Simple estimation of errors [1].7.3 Significant figures [1].7.4 Standard form [1].8 Measurement, position, distance and displacement [1].8.1 Concept of displacement [1].8.2 Distinction between distance and displacement [1].8.3 Concept of position and coordinates [1].8.4 Frame of reference [2] Scalars and Vectors [2].1 Definition of Scalar and vector quantities [2].2 Examples of scalar and vector quantities [2].3 Relative velocity [2].4 Resolution of vectors into two perpendicular directions [3] Motion [3].1 Types of motion [3].1.1 Translational motion [3].1.2 Oscillatory motion [3].1.3 Rotational motion [3].1.4 Spin motion [3].1.5 Random motion [3].2 Relative motion [3].3 Causes of motion [3].4 Types of force [3].4.1 Contact [3].4.2 Force field [3].5 Linear motion [3].5.1 Speed [3].5.2 Velocity [3].5.3 Acceleration [3].5.4 Equations of uniformly accelerated motion [3].5.5 Motion under gravity [3].5.6 Distance-time graph and Velocity time graph [3].5.7 Instantaneous velocity and Acceleration. [3].6 Projectiles [3].6.1 Calculation of range [3].6.2 Calculation of maximum height [3].6.3 Calculation of time of flight from the ground and a height [3].6.4 Applications of projectile motion [3].7 Newton's laws of motion [3].7.1 Inertia [3].7.2 Mass and force [3].7.3 Relationship between mass and acceleration [3].7.4 Impulse and momentum [3].7.5 Force - time graph [3].7.6 Conservation of linear momentum [3].8 Motion in a circle [3].8.1 Angular velocity and angular acceleration [3].8.2 Centripetal and centrifugal forces [3].8.3 Applications [3].9 Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M) [3].9.1 Definition and explanation of Simple harmonic motion [3].9.2 Examples of systems that execute S.H.M [3].9.3 Period of S.H.M [3].9.4 Frequency of S.H.M [3].9.5 Amplitude of S.H.M [3].9.6 Velocity and acceleration of S.H.M [3].9.7 Simple treatment of energy change in S.H.M [3].9.8 Simple treatment of force vibration and resonance [4] Gravitational field [4].1 Newton’s law of universal gravitation [4].2 Gravitational potential [4].3 Conservative and non-conservative fields [4].4 Acceleration due to gravity [4].5 Variation of g on the earth’s surface [4].6 Distinction between mass and weight; escape velocity [4].7 Parking orbit and weightlessness [5] Equilibrium of Forces [5].1 Equilibrium of particles [5].1.1 Equilibrium of coplanar forces [5].1.2 Triangles and polygon of forces [5].1.3 Lami's theorem [5].2 Principles of moments [5].2.1 Moment of a force [5].2.2 Simple treatment and moment of a couple (torque) [5].2.3 Applications [5].3 Conditions for equilibrium of rigid bodies under the action of parallel and non-parallel forces [5].3.1 Resolution and composition of forces in two perpendicular directions [5].3.2 Resultant and equilibrant [5].4 Centre of gravity and stability [5].4.1 Stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium [6] (a) Work, Energy and Power [6].1 Work, Energy and Power [6].1.1 Definition of work, energy and power [6].1.2 Forms of energy [6].1.3 Conservation of energy [6].1.4 Qualitative treatment between different forms of energy [6].1.5 Interpretation of area under the force-distance curve [6].2 Energy and society [6].2.1 Sources of energy [6].2.2 Renewable and non-renewable energy [6].2.3 Uses of energy [6].2.4 Energy and development [6].2.5 Energy diversification [6].2.6 Environmental impact of energy [6].2.7 Energy crises [6].2.8 Conversion of energy [6].2.9 Devices used in energy production [6].3 Dams and energy production [6].3.1 Location of dams [6].3.2 Energy production [6].4 Nuclear energy [6].5 Solar energy [6].5.1 Solar collector [6].5.2 Solar panel for energy supply [7] Friction [7].1 Static and dynamic friction [7].2 Coefficient of limiting friction and its determination [7].3 Advantages and disadvantages of friction [7].4 Reduction of friction [7].5 Qualitative treatment of viscosity and terminal velocity [7].6 Stoke's law [8] Simple Machines [8].1 Definition of simple machines [8].2 Types of machines [8].3 Mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of machines [9] Elasticity [9].1 Elastic limit [9].2 Yield point [9].3 Breaking point [9].4 Hooke's law [9].5 Young's modulus [9].6 The spring balance [9].7 Work done per unit volume [10] Pressure [10].1 Atmospheric Pressure [10].1.1 Definition of atmospheric pressure [10].1.2 Units of pressure (S.I) units (Pa) [10].1.3 Measurement of pressure [10].1.4 Simple mercury barometer [10].1.4.1 Aneroid barometer [10].1.4.2 Manometer [10].1.5 Variation of pressure with height [10].1.6 The use of barometer as an altimeter [10].2 Pressure in liquids [10].2.1 The relationship between pressure, depth and density [10].2.2 Transmission of pressure in liquids [10].2.3 Application [11] Liquids At Rest [11].1 Determination of density of solids and liquids [11].2 Definition of relative density [11].3 Upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid [11].4 Archimedes' principle and law of floatation and applications [11].4.1 Ships and hydrometers [12] Temperature and Its Measurement [12].1 Concept of temperature [12].2 Thermometric properties [12].3 Calibration of thermometers [12].4 Temperature scales [12].4.1 Celsius and Kelvin [12].5 Types of thermometers [12].6 Conversion from one scale of temperature to another [13] Thermal Expansion [13].1 Solids [13].1.1 Definition and determination of linear [13].1.2 Definition and determination of volume [13].1.3 Definition and determination of area expansivities [13].1.4 Effects and applications [13].1.5 Relationship between different expansivities [13].2 Liquids [13].2.1 Volume expansivity [13].2.2 Real and apparent expansivities [13].2.3 Determination of volume expansivity [13].2.4 Anomalous expansion of water [14] Gas Laws [14].1 Boyle's law (isothermal process) [14].2 Charles' law (isobaric process) [14].3 Pressure law (volumetric process) [14].4 Absolute zero of temperature [14].5 General gas equation [14].6 Ideal gas equation [14].7 Van der waal gas [15] Quantity of Heat [15].1 Heat as a form of energy [15].2 Definition of heat capacity of solids and liquids [15].3 Definition of specific heat capacity of solids and liquids [15].4 Determination of heat capacity of substances [15].5 Determination of specific heat capacity substances [16] Change of State [16].1 Latent heat [16].2 Specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization [16].3 Melting, evaporation and boiling [16].4 The influence of pressure and of dissolved substances on boiling and melting points [16].5 Application in appliances [17] Vapours [17].1 Unsaturated and saturated vapours [17].2 Relationship between saturated vapour pressure (S.V.P) and boiling [17].3 Determination of S.V.P by barometer tube method [17].4 Formation of dew, mist, fog, and rain [17].5 Study of dew point [17].6 Study of humidity [17].7 Hygrometry - estimation of the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers. [17].8 Study of relative humidity [18] Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory [18].1 Molecular nature of matter [18].1.1 Atoms and molecules [18].1.2 Molecular theory [18].1.2.1 examples and applications [18].1.2.2 Brownian motion [18].1.2.3 Diffusion [18].1.2.4 Surface tension [18].1.2.5 Capillarity [18].1.2.6 Adhesion [18].1.2.7 Cohesion [18].1.2.8 Angles of contact law of definite proportion [18].2 Kinetic Theory [18].2.1 Assumptions of the kinetic theory [18].2.2 using the theory to explain: [18].2.2.1 Pressure exerted by gas [18].2.2.2 Boyle's law [18].2.2.3 Charles' law [18].2.2.4 Melting [18].2.2.5 Boiling [18].2.2.6 Vapourization [18].2.2.7 Change in temperature [18].2.2.8 Evaporation [19] Heat Transfer [19].1 conduction as mode of heat transfer [19].2 Convection as mode of heat transfer [19].3 Radiation as mode of heat transfer [19].4 Temperature gradient [19].5 Thermal conductivity [19].6 Heat flux [19].7 Effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it [19].8 The conductivities of common materials [19].9 The thermos flask [19].10 Land and sea breeze [19].11 Combustion engines [20] Waves [20].1 Production and Propagation [20].1.1 Wave motion [20].1.2 Vibrating systems as source of waves [20].1.3 Waves as mode of energy transfer [20].1.4 Distinction between particle motion and wave motion [20].1.5 Relationship between frequency, wavelength and wave velocity [20].1.6 Phase difference, wave number and wave vector [20].1.7 Progressive wave equation [20].2 Classification [20].2.1 Types of waves [20].2.1.1 Mechanical and electromagnetic waves [20].2.2 Longitudinal and transverse waves [20].2.3 Stationary and progressive waves [20].2.4 Waves from springs [20].2.5 Waves from ropes [20].2.6 Waves from stretched strings [20].2.7 Waves from the ripple tank [20].3 Characteristics/Properties [20].3.1 Reflection [20].3.2 Refraction [20].3.3 Diffraction [20].3.4 Plane Polarization [20].3.5 Superposition of waves [20].3.6 Beats [20].3.7 Doppler effects [21] Propagation of Sound Waves [21].1 The necessity for a material medium [21].2 Speed of sound in solids, liquids and air [21].3 Reflection of sound; echoes, reverberation and their applications [21].4 Advantages and Disadvantages of echoes and reverberations [22] Characteristics of Sound Waves [22].1 Noise and musical notes [22].2 Quality, pitch, intensity and loudness and their application to musical instruments [22].3 Simple treatment of overtones produced by vibrating strings and their columns [22].4 Acoustic examples of resonance [22].5 Frequency of a note emitted by air columns in closed and open pipes in relation to their lengths [23] Light Energy [23].1 Sources of Light [23].1.1 Natural and artificial sources of light [23].1.2 Luminous and non-luminous objects [23].2 Propagation of light [23].2.1 Speed, frequency and wavelength of light [23].2.2 Formation of shadows and eclipse [23].2.3 The pin-hole camera [24] Reflection of Light at Plane and Curved Surfaces [24].1 Laws of reflection [24].2 Application of reflection of light [24].3 Formation of images by plane, concave and convex mirrors and ray diagrams [24].4 Use of the mirror formula [24].5 Linear and angular magnification [25] Refraction of Light Through at Plane and Curved Surfaces [25].1 Refraction of Light Through at Plane and Curved Surfaces [25].1.1 Explanation of refraction in terms of velocity of light in the media [25].1.2 Laws of refraction [25].1.3 Definition of refractive index of a medium [25].1.4 Determination of refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell's law [25].1.5 Real and apparent depth and lateral displacement [25].1.6 Critical angle and total internal reflection [25].2 Glass Prism [25].2.1 Use of the minimum deviation formula [25].2.2 Type of lenses - triangular, rectangular [25].2.3 Use of lens formula [25].2.4 Magnification [26] Optical Instruments [26].1 General principles of microscopes, telescopes, projectors, cameras and the human eye [26].2 Power of a lens [26].3 Angular magnification [26].4 Near and far points [26].5 Sight defects and their corrections [27] (a) Dispersion of light and colours [27].1 Dispersion of light and colours [27].1.1 Dispersion of white light by a triangular prism [27].1.2 Production of pure spectrum [27].1.3 Colour mixing by addition and subtraction [27].1.4 Colour of objects and colour filters [27].1.5 Rainbow and formation [27].2 Electromagnetic spectrum [27].2.1 Description of sources and uses of various types of radiation [28] Electrostatics [28].1 Existence of positive and negative charges in matter [28].2 Charging a body by friction, contact and induction [28].3 Electroscope [28].4 Coulomb's inverse square law, electric field and potential [28].5 Electric field intensity and potential difference [28].6 Electric discharge and lightning [29] Capacitors [29].1 Types and functions of capacitors [29].2 Parallel plate capacitors [29].3 Capacitance of a capacitor [29].4 The relationship between capacitance, area separation of plates and medium between the plates [29].5 Capacitors in series and parallel [29].6 Energy stored in a capacitor [30] Electric Cells [30].1 Simple voltaic cell and its defects [30].2 Daniel cell, Leclanche cell (wet and dry) [30].3 lead-acid accumulator and Nickel-Iron (Nife) Lithium iron and Mercury cadmium [30].4 Maintenance of cells and batteries [30].5 Arrangement of cells [30].6 Efficiency of a cell [31] Current Electricity [31].1 Electromagnetic force (emf), potential difference (p.d.), current, internal resistance of a cell and lost Volt [31].2 Ohm's law, resistivity and conductivity [31].3 Measurement of resistance [31].4 Meter bridge [31].5 Resistance in series and in parallel and their combination [31].6 The potentiometer method of measuring emf, current and internal resistance of a cell [31].7 Electrical networks [32] Electrical Energy and Power [32].1 Concepts of electrical energy and power [32].2 Commercial unit of electric energy and power [32].3 Electric power transmission [32].4 Heating effects of electric current [32].5 Electrical wiring of houses [32].6 Use of fuses [33] Magnets and Magnetic Fields [33].1 Natural and artificial magnets [33].2 Magnetic properties of soft iron and steel [33].3 Methods of making magnets and demagnetization [33].4 Concept of magnetic field [33].5 Magnetic field of a permanent magnet [33].6 Magnetic field round a straight current carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid [33].7 Properties of the earth's magnetic field; north and south poles, magnetic meridian and angle of dip and declination [33].8 flux and flux density [33].9 Variation of magnetic field intensity over the earth's surface [33].10 Applications: earth's magnetic field in navigation and mineral exploration. [34] Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field [34].1 Quantitative treatment of force between two parallel current-carrying conductors [34].2 Force on a charge moving in a magnetic field [34].3 The d. c. motor [34].4 Electromagnets [34].5 Carbon microphone [34].6 Moving coil and moving iron instruments [34].7 Conversion of galvanometers to ammeters and voltmeter using shunts and multipliers [34].8 Sensitivity of a galvanometer [35] (a) Electromagnetic Induction [35].1 Electromagnetic Induction [35].1.1 Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction [35].1.2 Factors affecting induced emf [35].1.3 Lenz's law as an illustration of the principle of conservation of energy [35].1.4 A.C. and D.C generators [35].1.5 Transformers [35].1.6 The induction coil [35].2 Inductance [35].2.1 Explanation of inductance [35].2.2 Unit of inductance [35].2.3 Energy stored in an inductor [35].2.4 Application/uses of inductors [35].3 Eddy Current [35].3.1 Reduction of eddy current [35].3.2 Applications of eddy current [36] Simple A. C. Circuits [36].1 Explanation of a.c. current and voltage [36].2 Peak and r.m.s. values [36].3 A.c. source connected to a resistor [36].4 A.C source connected to a capacitor - capacitive reactance [36].5 A.C source connected to an inductor inductive reactance [36].6 Series R-L-C circuits [36].7 Vector diagram, phase angle and power factor [36].8 Resistance and impedance [36].9 Effective voltage in an R-L-C circuits [36].10 Resonance and resonance frequency [37] Conduction of Electricity Through; [37].1 Liquids [37].1.1 Electrolytes and non-electrolyte [37].1.2 Concept of electrolysis [37].1.3 Faraday's laws of electrolysis [37].1.4 Application of electrolysis [37].2 Gases [37].2.1 Discharge through gases [37].2.2 Application of conduction of electricity through gases [38] Elementary Modern Physics [38].1 Models of the atom and their limitations [38].2 Elementary structure of the atom [38].3 Energy levels and spectra [38].4 Thermionic and photoelectric emissions [38].5 Einstein's equation and stopping potential [38].6 Applications of thermionic emissions and photoelectric effects [38].7 Simple method of production of x-rays [38].8 Properties and applications of alpha, beta and gamma rays [38].9 Half-life and decay constant [38].10 Simple ideas of production of energy by fusion and fission [38].11 Binding energy, mass defect and Einstein's Energy equation [38].12 Wave-particle paradox (duality of matter) [38].13 Electron diffraction [38].14 The uncertainty principle [39] Introductory Electronics [39].1 Distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators [39].2 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors [39].2.1 N-type and p-type semiconductors [39].3 Uses of semiconductors and diodes in rectification and transistors in amplification [39].4 Elementary knowledge of diodes and transistors